한국전쟁의 막바지 그리고 휴전

 

COUNTER-ATTACKS, STALEMATE, THE OUTPOST WAR          Truce Tent and Fighting Front - Walter G. Hermes           Army Overview of this phase    China's Third Phase Campaign: Dec.31, 1950 - Jan. 8, 1951 China Invades South Korea - The Fatal Step   Chinese Third Phase Campaign: CCF Captures Seoul, January 4, 1951   China's Third Phase Campaign: Dec.31, 1950 - Jan. 8, 1951 CCF Crosses the Han River   Operation Thunderbolt: 25-31 January, 1951 Close Air Support for 7th Cavalry near Ich'on, January 26 Reconnaissance in Force   Thunderbolt Continued: 1-11 February, 1951 5th RCT Advance toward the Han, February 5, 1951 Reconnaissance in Force Advance to the Han   CCF XIII Army Group Attacks Hoengsong Destroys ROK 8th Division, February 12, 1951 Battle For Hoengsong Restoring The Balance   Defending the Wonju Line, 13-18 February 1951 CCF 39th, 40th and 42nd Armies stopped at Chipyong-ni Chipyong-ni   Korean War Tanks and Fighting Vehicles Captured M46 heavy tank   Operation Killer: February 20 - March 6, 1951 Chinese dead, and prisoners captured by men of 1st Cavalry Division   Operation Ripper: March 6-31, 1951 25th Infantry Division Tanks re-cross the Han, March 7, 1951   Seoul Retaken ROK 1st Division re-enters Seoul, March 15 South Korean civilians begin returning shortly afterwards Operation RIPPER    Operation Rugged : April 1-22, 1951 Advance to the 38th Parallel   Airborne 187th RCT, March 24, 1951 Assault at East Munson-ni   CCF Fifth Phase Campaign: April 22 - June 10, 1951 Moving up for the attack   40th Corps tries to encircle US 24th Infantry Division, April 24, 1951     British 29th Infantry Brigade Resting After Retreat From Imjin, 4/26/51 Probably either Royal Ulster Rifles or Northumberland Fusiliers U.K., Canadian, Australian and Belgian units of the British 29th Brigade at parade rest as the Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to the British Gloucestershire Battalion.   General Van Fleet pins the PUC award on Glosters Sgt. Major Blackford       B26 Air Support Flying at low level in the face of intense ground fire, 3rd Bomb Wing B26 makes pin-point napalm drop on dominating enemy hill-top positions. The CCF and NK armies fought their fifth phase campaign with ferocity, determination and skill but they had suffered terrible casualties from massive artillery barrages, defensive tank and infantry fire, and B26 bomber attacks as they deployed forward in their attacks.     Squadrons of B26 Invaders pounded the exposed CCF when they deployed in the open in their attacks.   This B26 had its hydraulic system jammed by ground fire and is making a successful belly-landing.   CCF and NK ground fire developed to a maximum in late 1952, but was extremely accurate all through the war. Here, Lt. Col. Gordon Blood, commander of 49th Fighter-Bomber group smiles at the huge hole in the right wing of his F-84 Thunder jet, apparently hit during a bombing run over North Korea in 1952. He could smile at it then, but he didn't smile much at the time he was hit. It was a little like being in a train wreck.   Below The Soyang: 16-20 May, 1951 CCF forces cross the Chau-ni River under heavy artillery fire   Air-to-ground support   Savagely effective air-to-ground support was available to 1stMarDiv and other UN forces from Corsairs on the Aircraft Carrier Sicily.       Counter Attack: May 20 - July 1, 1951 7th Infantry near Chunchon, May 24   7th Infantry Division 75-mm recoilless rifle gunner grimaces as he fires in support of infantry units directly across the valley. An observer (standing, with field glasses) will note effectiveness of their fire while the crew reloads the next round.   Cpl. Ron Cashman, Korea 1951 - 53. Military Medal, Wounded in action on three occasions.   C.S.M. of B Coy. 3 RAR WOII Wing Kee, 1952 Outside entrance to his foxhole.   3rd Infantry Division, July 3, 1951 Advancing in the Iron Triangle Sobang Hills     The Punchbowl, 1951 Center of eastern MLR   5th Marines Sniper, Punchbowl area 1951 Using M1903A3/Unertl     Second Division troops on Bloody Ridge, September 1951 North Korean troops had fought bitterly   CCF Island Hopping, with air-ground support November, 1951   Of tactical interest, these were the first Chinese assaults where they used air-ground support, presumably with Stormovik piston aircraft. Another Chinese photo claims to be of one such plane and pilot which they say shot down one jet and damaged three others.   In Chinese trench at 'The Hinge' Just north of 317, October 1951     POWs from British Commonwealth Division, November 1951 Captured during Hill 317 (Maryang San) action William Speakman Private, Later Sergeant The King's Own Scottish Borderers     British Commonwealth Forces in Korea Commonwealth troops serving in Korea included British, Canadian, Australian, New Zealander, and South African contingents.   CCF Supply Train, '51 or '52   Underground Wall Of China China's Main Line Of Resistance     Marine PFC pulls a shell fragment from his armored vest   Above: Hit by Mortar shell war-head Right: Grenade exploded inches away.   Armored vests saved these Marines lives     Bosun's Chair Oooops! Don't let me feet get wet   Prompt medical attention saves lives. Wounded 3/23/2id scout given aid as wounded ROK helped up the hill by other scouts   Some UN Members helped in Korean War with medical aid   13th May 1953, patrol from 3RAR mounting out from "Little Gibraltar" The patrol would suffer tragic loss in assaulting "Cloncurry" CCF Unit Leader getting instructions for assault Note the canvas carrying pouches for the stick grenades used in assault   Sixa platoon gearing up for patrol Flak jackets were key for some of us getting home again   Air Strike North of Punchbowl, 1953 Run by Gus Breen while on line AD-5 and AD-6 in formation MiG Killers 4th Fighter Interceptor Group - the MiG Killers. Major James Jabara, left, the world's first jet ace, shakes hands with Captain Manuel "Pete" Fernandez minutes after the Captain destroyed two MiGs over MiG Alley. Jabara ended the war with the second highest kill claim record of 15, and Fernandez was right behind with 14.5.   Death in the night . Credit for the first jet night kill went to this Marine flying team, Major William Stratton, Jr. (pointing) and Sergeant Hans Hoglind. Flying a Douglas "Skylight" they shot down a YAK-15.   YAK-15 F-86   CCF T34 dug into hilltop and camouflaged Used as support artillery very effectively when battle movement was still fluid. In the static phase, tanks in emplacements were mostly just targets.   CCF Multibarreled Rockets An eerie set of calling cards for UN recipients   CCF MiGs Pilot and crew chief talking over aircraft performance   Although China had only 500 fighters of all kinds in July, 1951, within a year they had built up to 1500 MiG fighters, based in sanctuaries in Manchuria, which UN pilots were forbidden to attack   Sniper Zhang Taofang, top CCF Sniper         Australian Invented Napham Rockets First combat firing   Never made it back home 77 Squadron P-51 Mustang 8-in Howitzer and Crew   White Horse Hill (Hill 395), October 1952 ROK 9th Division fights off CCF assaults, October 3-12 1952   Winter, '52-'53 - Chinese Bunker Triangle Hill Complex, on the forward slope of Sniper Ridge   Capt. Tom Crawford, March 1953, attacking Papa-San, Central Korea   Pyok Tong, North Korea POW Camp Graveyard for many UN prisoners This lovely close-up is of a POW camp at Pyok Tong North Korea. The not so lovely part is that over 2000 UN prisoners are buried behind the camp. Many UK prisoners from the Imjim battles ended up in that camp. Most of the Glosters were marched for 6 weeks to that place, then the officers and NCOs were separated from the men in case they influenced them.   Marines make a different "Amphibious" Landing Jamestown Line, 1953   The Last Winter, '52-'53 - 25id Bunkers   A Marine with disassembled M20 3.5in Rocket Launcher, after after a patrol in the Nevada Cities area, 1953 Marine combat outposts named Reno, Carson and Vegas, called the Nevada Cities, were north of Seoul on three strategic crests near Panmunjom.   Talks Begin Kaesong, July 8, 1951   Kaesong, the old capitol of Korea     Koje-do POW Camp Prisoners in a compound of the Koje-do POW camp, ca early 1952 The village in background was later evacuated and burned to prevent exchange of information between prisoners and villagers   In June, General Boatner used infantrymen supported by tanks to regain control of the Koje-do compounds, dragging communist leader Col. Lee out of the compound by the seat of his pants. 31 prisoners were killed and scores wounded, but order was finally restored.   Below are some of the weapons seized in compound 76.     Clark Signs Armistice, Panmunjom, July 27, 1953     After over two years of posturing and frustrations, at the price of about half the total military casualties of the Korean War, an Armistice was finally signed and the butchery stopped at last. The Armistice Building at Panmunjom       Bloody Ridge (National Archives)   Heartbreak Ridge (National Archives)       P'anmunjom truce tents (National Archives)   Winter in Korea (National Archives)   Repatriation screening of Communist POWs. 1952 (National Archives)     Soldiers of Battery C, 936th Field Artillery Batt   Artillery may have dominated the battlefield, but ultimately it was infantry that captured and held ground. Here, Company F, 9th Infantry, advances in central Korea. (National Archives)     A soldier from the 180th Infantry mans a machine gun from inside a bunker; Below, living quarters inside a "hootchie." (National Archives)     7th Infantry Division trenches, July 1953 (National Archives)   Lt. Gen. William K. Harrison, Jr., U.S. Army and Lt. Gen. Nam Il, North Korean People's Army, sign the armistice agreement on 27 July 1953. (National Archives)